Beating the Heat

Working in a hot environment can be more than just a nuisance. Summer heat, which has continued to rise because of global warming, can turn into a serious health hazard, particularly for new or returning employees.

For many workers, heat is a constant and familiar enemy. Meat packers, for example, face high temperatures and humidity on the kill floor--conditions that only worsen in the summertime. Sweating is one way in which the body rids itself of excess heat. But sweating also depletes the body of essential minerals and fluids. When we sweat too much without replenishing these nutrients, a number of increasingly serious symptoms can result. Workers and management should learn to recognize the following signs of heat stress:

• Heat rash, also called prickly heat, is an uncomfortable but not harmful skin condition that occurs when sweat cannot evaporate from the skin. Treat by resting in a cool place and allowing the skin to dry.

• Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms that occur when salt lost through sweating is not replaced. Treat by drinking electrolyte solutions such as sports beverages, which contain salts.

• Heat exhaustion, which results from prolonged sweating and loss of fluids and salt, is characterized by extreme weakness or fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, clammy or moist skin, and sometimes fainting. Treat by moving to a cool area and drinking electrolyte solutions.

• Heat stroke can be life-threatening. Victims' skin is hot and dry, and they are mentally confused--sometimes delirious. Without prompt treatment, they may go into a coma or even die. If you or a colleague experience these symptoms, seek medical help immediately. Move heat stroke victims to a cool area, fan them vigorously, and soak their clothing with cool water.